SMARTGREENS 2013 Abstracts


Area 1 - Smart Grids

Full Papers
Paper Nr: 8
Title:

SoftGrid: A Green Field Approach of Future Smart Grid

Authors:

Yayun Zhou, Harald Held, Wolfram Klein, Kurt Majewski, Rainer Speh, Philipp Emanuel Stelzig and Christoph Wincheringer

Abstract: In this paper, a novel power grid solution “SoftGrid” is proposed, which is a decentralized power system with two-level control architecture. The basic unit of this grid solution is a so-called SoftGrid-Adapter (SGA), which controls generators, consumers as well as energy storage devices under the guidance of an optimization model. The energy transmission among SGAs is supervised by a SoftGrid-Dispatcher (SGD), which balances energy among SGAs. Using the proposed SoftGrid two-level control architecture, one can build up a local grid from scratch. It is especially well-suited to be applied in remote areas where no commercial power grid exists. Hence it is also viewed as a green field approach to a future smart grid. The concept of SoftGrid is verified through system modeling and simulation under different scenarios. The simulation results show that SoftGrid is a power grid solution with both flexibility and reliability.
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Paper Nr: 17
Title:

Model-based Control Approaches for Optimal Integration of a Hybrid Wind-diesel Power System in a Microgrid

Authors:

Luis Ismael Minchala Avila, Adriana Vargas Martínez, Youmin Zhang, Luis Eduardo Garza Castañón, Eduardo Robinson Calle Ortiz and Julio César Viola

Abstract: This paper presents two model-based approaches for designing control strategies in order to integrate a diesel generator as frequency and voltage leader in an islanded microgrid configuration. The selected microgrid configuration is composed of a hybrid wind-diesel system with a battery storage system (BSS). A model predictive control (MPC) scheme and a model reference adaptive control (MRAC) scheme are selected for this task, due to its flexibility and capability for handling constraints and fault-tolerance, respectively, which is helpful for smart grid (SG) architectures to achieve reduced fuel consumption and with and enhanced reliability and integration of renewable energy sources (RES) into the electrical network. A constrained fuel consumption strategy has been implemented in the diesel engine generator (DEG) controller with the help of MPC strategy and fault-tolerance is achieved with MRAC. Different operating conditions of the microgrid were simulated: 1) diesel-only generation, 2) wind turbine generator (WTG) ignition, 3) sudden connection of 0.5 MW load, and 4) a 3-phase fault with duration of 0.5 seconds. Improved performance over a baseline controller, IEEE type 1 automatic voltage regulator (AVR), is achieved. Dynamic models of the network components are presented in details on design and implementation of the microgrid configuration in Matlab/Simulink.
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Paper Nr: 25
Title:

Using Grid Related Cluster Schedule Resemblance for Energy Rescheduling - Goals and Concepts for Rescheduling of Clusters in Decentralized Energy Systems

Authors:

Astrid Nieße and Michael Sonnenschein

Abstract: Transforming the electric power system to incorporating a considerably increased share of renewable distributed generation implicates new challenges for the control of the system. To overcome the known short-comings of centralized control, e.g. regarding scalability and robustness, a decentralized, self-organized system of agents for generators, loads and storages is widely discussed. We focus on a dynamic aggregation of these units to participate on current and future energy markets for both active power and new ancillary services products. With these units participating in system services, rescheduling of units within clusters becomes a more complex task that should reflect grid usage properties. In this work, we develop grid related cluster schedule resemblance as a metric to analyze the grid usage changes using graph theory. This metric can be used to compare different rescheduling options regarding grid usage for both dynamic clusters of distributed energy resources and for rescheduling of static clusters like virtual power plants. An example is used to show that this metric can be used as a separate optimization target for the multi-criteria optimization problem of cluster rescheduling.
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Paper Nr: 27
Title:

Personalized Thermal Comfort Forecasting for Smart Buildings via Locally Weighted Regression with Adaptive Bandwidth

Authors:

Carlo Manna, Nic Wilson and Kenneth N. Brown

Abstract: A personalized thermal comfort prediction method is proposed for use in combination with smart controls for building automation. Occupant thermal comfort is traditionally measured and predicted by the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) metric, which is based on extensive field trials linking reported comfort levels with the various factors. However, PMV is a statistical measure applying to large populations, and the actual thermal comfort could be significantly different from the predicted value for small groups of people. Moreover it may be hard to use for a real-time controller due to the number of sensor readings needed. In the present paper, we propose Robust Locally Weighted Regression with Adaptive Bandwidth (LRAB), a kernel based method, to learn individual occupant thermal comfort based on historical reports. Using publicly available datasets, we demonstrate that this technique is significantly more accurate in predicting individual comfort than PMV and other kernel methods. Therefore, is a promising technique to be used as input to adpative HVAC control systems.
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Short Papers
Paper Nr: 10
Title:

Power-efficient Electronic Burst Switching for Large File Transactions

Authors:

Ilijc Albanese, Sudhakar Ganti and Thomas E. Darcie

Abstract: Much of the growth in bandwidth demand and power consumption in today’s Internet is driven by the transport of large media files. This work presents a power-efficient overlay network specifically designed using electronic burst switching for these large files. The two approaches are presented in which electronic bursts or media frames (MF) containing >1Mb are routed in a manner similar to UDP or concatenated into periodic semi-transparent chains and routed using a two-way reservation protocol. Utilization, blocking, delay and buffer size are compared to UDP/IP by means of simulation. Both approaches dramatically reduce header-related power consumption. Concatenation also reduces significantly the amount of buffer space required. A representative router design is evaluated showing a potential energy saving of roughly 80% relative to standard IP routers.
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Paper Nr: 26
Title:

A Comprehensive Framework for Smart Cities

Authors:

Giovanni Maccani, Brian Donnellan and Markus Helfert

Abstract: In this paper Smart City initiatives will be explored from the perspective of the enabler factors required for such intitiatives to be successful. In detail, we see smart cities made of five collectively exhaustive dimensions, i.e. Technology, Social Infrastructure, People-Private-Public Partnerships, Governance and Management, and Smart Information Services. Thus, after a brief introduction of the domain of analysis, the starting point will be a systematic review of the literature. Then we will describe each perspective explaining why and how it has to be considered. Finally we will propose some discussions, in particular around the applicability of our framework for embedded assessment and measurement tools (e.g. Balanced Scorecard).
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Paper Nr: 32
Title:

Wireless Network Deployment as Low Cost Building Management System Solution

Authors:

Liam Moore, Mike Hayes, Brendan O. Flynn, Cian O. Mathuna, Emmanuel Frecon, Joakim Ericksson, Peeter Kool, Peter Rosengren, Alberto Fernandez, Jacek Rosik and Donagh MacSuibhne

Abstract: This paper presents the design and implementation of a wireless monitoring and actuation network for residential and commercial buildings that was carried out as part of the ARTEMIS funded project ME3gas. The aim of this deployment is to demonstrate that low cost wireless sensor networks can be used in situations where a full building management system may not be suitable technically or commercially either in residential home applications or commercial enterprises. This work focuses not just on electricity consumption but also on gas consumption into the building. The current deployment consists of a number of wireless sensor motes retrofitted throughout a residential building converted for office use. The WSN nodes are based on the Tyndall modular mote platform running the Contiki operating system and communicating with a mesh network running IPV6 through 6LoWPAN over IEEE 802.15.4 at 2.4GHz. Each node is configured for a specific task within the framework of enabling energy efficiency and these tasks can be broadly described as, environmental sensing, metering (gas and electricity) and actuation. The motes are controlled through the LinkSmart middleware platform which is an open source hardware agnostic system for building energy management, which hides the underlying physical layer allowing ease of development for web based applications, which is also demonstrated as part of this work.
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Paper Nr: 43
Title:

Smart Grids and Small Utilities - A Preliminary Analysis on the Contribution of Utility Size to Successful Smart Grid Deployment

Authors:

Kristina Tajchman

Abstract: Modernizing the electric grid and turning the smart grid vision into reality is a complex and multi-decade undertaking presenting significant challenges for utility companies. This paper highlights the particular challenge smaller utilities face as they consider smart grid initiatives. Six key barriers to smart grid implementation are selected and presented here in a qualitative assessment including 1) the need for individually tailored solutions, 2) a questionable value proposition, 3) the lack of communication and information technology (IT) infrastructure, 4) mixed consumer engagement, 5) an aging workforce, and 6) an awkward progression of regulations and standard development. The objective of this effort is to stress the missed opportunity that may exist to promote the early engagement of smaller utilities in national smart grid deployment efforts
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Paper Nr: 51
Title:

An RFID based Toll Payment System for Green World

Authors:

M. W. Raad and Tarek R. Sheltami

Abstract: As the urbanization and fast-i.mproving quality of life raises the energy consumption, over 72% of carbon emissions come from cities. With the current petrol-powered cars on the road, there are large amounts of CO2 emissions, which pollute the atmosphere resulting in what is called global warming. At the same time, the advent in technology has brought up emerging technologies like Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), wireless sensor networks, and Internet of Things (IOT), which found their way in tracking everything particularly in supply chain and manufacturing. In this paper, the research focuses on the state-of -the art technologies used to reduce Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions in traffic congested areas. It is based on developing a prototype of a wireless sensor module based on RFID technology to mitigate the CO2 footprint in the environment interfaced to an access control toll payment system in parking lots.
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Paper Nr: 56
Title:

Role of Proactive Behaviour Enabled by Advanced Computational Intelligence and ICT in Smart Energy Grids

Authors:

Phuong H. Nguyen, Wil L. Kling, Paulo F. Ribeiro, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy and Roel Croes

Abstract: Significant increase in renewable energy production and new forms of consumption has enormous impact to the electrical power grid operation. A Smart Energy Grid (SEG) is needed to overcome the challenge of a sustainable and reliable energy supply by merging advanced ICT and control techniques to interact with the power grid. In SEG, distributed intelligence plays an important role to alleviate significantly consequences from uncertain power supply and changing load demand. This paper presents the state-of-the-art utilisations of distributed intelligence in SEG. Insufficient consideration of so-called proactive behaviour limits such SEG only to near real-time control functions and local optimisation of particular problems. This paper addresses a need for having a comprehensive research on anticipatory, change-oriented and self-initiated capabilities of SEG.
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Paper Nr: 59
Title:

Optimized Integration of Electric Vehicles with Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries into the Regulation Service Market of Smart Grids - Enhanced Vehicle-to-Grid Business Model

Authors:

Marco Roscher, Jonas Fluhr and Theo Lutz

Abstract: In the “Li-Mobility” project, a battery management system (BMS) for lithium-ion batteries was developed. It particularly aims to perform online diagnoses while driving as well as to predict the impact of additional cyclization through grid control and balancing functions on the degradation of the battery. The information about the predicted degradation and the overall decision whether a car battery is providing balancing power or not is based on an optimization model run by an aggregator- The aggregator’s ICT system uses information based on the number of available electric vehicles, their configuration, battery characteristics and information about market prices for supply of balancing power in order to optimized offers. Hence, it is, possible to make realistic cost estimations for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) scenarios and to determine economically profitable ones for each vehicle individually. The optimization model was tested on the basic principles of conventional lithium-ion cells in general and with lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) cells in particular.
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Paper Nr: 11
Title:

Analysis of Approaches to Coordinated Charging of Electric Vehicles on the Distribution Grid

Authors:

Luca Meschiari, Colin Harris and Siobhán Clarke

Abstract: With the predicted increase of electric vehicles (EVs), their charging on the electricity distribution grid could result in grid congestion problems. This will require the distribution grid to be significantly upgraded, unless an intelligent approach to coordinating charging of EVs can be engineered. This paper analyses four different algorithms that have the potential to address this problem: linear programming, market based, probabilistic and a W-learning algorithm. We analyse which performs best in reducing grid congestion, while maintaining user utility and also consider computational complexity and data communications required by the algorithms. The four different approaches were simulated on a 9 and 90 household residential distribution grid with one EV at each household. The results show that the linear programming solution performs best in terms of user utility and grid congestion but it has the highest degree of computational complexity and data communications. The market based solution reduces the computational load but does not reduce the grid congestion. When comparing the fully distributed solutions with low data communications, the W-learning approach performs better in terms of managing grid congestion than the probabilistic one and it also increases the users’ utility by supporting variable departure times.

Paper Nr: 12
Title:

Optimizations of Structure the Generators in Isolated Microgrids in Russia

Authors:

K. V. Suslov

Abstract: Many parts of Russia is not connected to centralized electricity supply by virtue of their geographical position. A large number of distributed consumers which can be supplied with electricity only from the autonomous energy sources and problems in the existing decentralized electricity supply system require that the issues of development and optimization of electricity supply be urgently solved. Taking into account a nonstationary character of electricity generation, presence of electricity storage devices, as well as stricter requirements of consumers to power quality and reliability of electricity supply, we can say that operating conditions of such systems and their control represent a difficult problem that needs to be studied. In the paper the specific features of microgrid operation in different seasons of a year and different time of a day are analysed, a set of problems related to control of operation are formulated and specific features of their solving are discussed. The main principles of building the isolated power systems and control of operating conditions are suggested. A case study is introduced and calculation results are discussed.
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Paper Nr: 16
Title:

Analysis on the Operation of 750kV Controllable Shunt Reactor in Gansu Power Grid of China

Authors:

Rong Xiaoyun, Shao Chong, Wang Weizhou, Hou Yanpeng, Liu Fuchao, Jia Cunxi and Li Zhengyuan

Abstract: Super High Voltage is the efficient way to achieve low power losses in long distance power transmission, but power frequency overvoltage and secondary current still exist. In order to improve the stability of the system, high voltage controllable shunt reactor (CSR) is added to the system. This thesis was based on the large amount of data about the 750kV controllable shunt reactor operated in the 750kV substation of Dunhuang, which is the first CSR applied in 750kV super-high voltage grid in China. The relationship between the variation of the voltage and the switching on/off of CSR was analized, the actual impacts of the CSR on the reactive power distribution and the active power loss were studied. Furthermore, a certain theory basis for the CSR maintenance was provided.
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Paper Nr: 18
Title:

Research in Sociology on Smart Grid Project, is It a Wager? - The Case of a French Pilot Project

Authors:

Amélie Coulbaut-Lazzarini and Jean-Marc Lebouvier

Abstract: Smart grids have become for a few years a high fashioned domain, in which many projects are created. But these projects are firstly technical and industrial ones. Economic sciences come secondly, to help business. But the place of sociology remains a marginal aspect. This contribution wants to show what the role of sociology in smart grids projects is today, and how a French pilot project takes account of them. Our results are based on a literature review and the preliminary results of a sociological survey, and show that social sciences, and particularly sociology, while still little present, can bring useful information for pilot projects.

Paper Nr: 23
Title:

Interface Concepts for Communicating Green Cyber-Physical Systems to Public

Authors:

Ljubo Mercep, Gernot Spiegelberg, Alois Knoll and Jakob Stoeck

Abstract: Complex interactions of cyber-physical systems, which are necessary to implement high-level functionality, should stay invisible to the outside world and to the user. However, there are times where an intuitive presentation of the inner workings of such systems might positively influence the acceptance of new technologies and sustainable business models. This is especially the case with the so-called green cyberphysical systems, based upon renewable energies, intelligent energy management and new mobility paradigms. In this work, an integrated approach to communicating the benefits of such systems was deployed in our demonstrator, the Innotruck. The vehicle can act as a micro-smart-grid, with the ability to buy, sell, consume, store and produce electric energy on the internal (partly virtual) or external (real) energy market. With its recharge stations it also serves as a support truck for other plug-in hybrid or pure electric vehicles. These use-cases are handled through a series of interconnected presentation concepts, allowing an insight into the technical systems with varying degrees of complexity. With our work, we have shown how the benefits of electric mobility, augmented by smart grids, can be communicated to broader public.
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Paper Nr: 33
Title:

GreenSLAs - Providing Energy Consumption Flexibility in DCs through Energy-aware Contracts

Authors:

Juan Felipe Botero, Sonja Klingert, Xavier Hesselbach-Serra, Antonella Falcone and Giovanni Giuliani

Abstract: This paper describes how eco-motivated extensions added to the traditional SLA concept can provide levels of flexibility in the data centre management that enable the data centre to reduce the energy consumption, improve the environmental footprint and lower internal costs. A close collaboration with both the IT customer and the data centre’s energy provider are key to this approach which is formalized by means of the GreenSLA concept building on the three main components: Flexibility, GreenKPIs and collaboration. Performance decisions regarding the energy consumed by the services are taken and translated to actions to be executed to save energy while at the same time guaranteeing the contract agreements.
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Paper Nr: 53
Title:

A Concept for Reliability Assessment for the Provision of Ancillary Services

Authors:

Marita Blank and Sebastian Lehnhoff

Abstract: In order to ensure the quality of supply in the electric energy system the ancillary services frequency and voltage control are necessary. With regard to the ongoing decentralization of power supply, approaches are being investigated to provide those ancillary services by decentralized units some of which are highly volatile in power generation. This leads to the question of the reliability with which ancillary services can be provided. In this paper a method is proposed that allows for the assessment of reliability of aggregations of distributed units with respect to their ability to provide ancillary services.
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Paper Nr: 58
Title:

Monitoring and Visualising a Neighbourhood Area Sub-Grid

Authors:

Zoya Pourmirza and John M. Brooke

Abstract: In this paper we analyse the architecture and technologies for monitoring the Neighbourhood Area Network (NAN) of the Smart Grid. We consider the role of sensor networks in providing information about the environment of the NAN, for example to monitor temperature and movement of vehicles and people, which can provide useful information about changes in the loading of the NAN. The two main contributions of this research are as follows. Firstly, we develop a software architecture for an ICT network of the Smart Grid which could integrate information from sensors from various levels of the grid. Currently no such architecture has been implemented for collecting data and providing the basis of Decision Support Tools (DSTs) for the NAN level of the grid. Secondly, we have developed a visualisation interface for the human operator of the grid, as the basis for such DSTs, which overlays the information from the sensors and the measurements of the electrical performance of the NAN on a GIS-based view of the NAN. We describe an actual implementation of this design currently being installed in the sub-Grid supplying the University of Manchester which is of comparable size and complexity to urban NANs.
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Area 2 - Energy-Aware Systems and Technologies

Full Papers
Paper Nr: 9
Title:

Power-saving Design in Server Farms for Multi-tier Applications under Response Time Constraint

Authors:

Shengquan Wang, Waqaas Munawar, Xue Liu and Jian-Jia Chen

Abstract: Server farms suffer from an increasing power consumption nowadays. Power saving has become a prominent design issue in server farms. This paper presents a power-saving design in server farms under the constraint of the response time. In particular, we target on multi-tier applications, which are very typical on the web in modern days. We propose an efficient power-saving design strategy, called PowerTier. This strategy exploits two major techniques by using Dynamic Power management (DPM) to activate/deactivate servers and using Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) to adjust the processor speed for each activated server. In addition, PowerTier considers two different application models: the open-queueing model and the closed-queueing model for session-less and session-based web applications respectively. With PowerTier, we are able to choose the number of activated servers at each tier and the processor speed for each server to minimize the overall power consumption in server farms while meeting a given mean response time guarantee for multi-tier applications. Our comprehensive simulation confirms the effectiveness and efficiency of PowerTier.
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Short Papers
Paper Nr: 36
Title:

Submeter based Training of Multi-class Support Vector Machines for Appliance Recognition in Home Electricity Consumption Data

Authors:

Marco Mittelsdorf, Andreas Hüwel, Thole Klingenberg and Michael Sonnenschein

Abstract: In this paper we employ smart meter and support vector machines (SVM) for the problem of recognizing household appliances’ load patterns in measured load time series, which is an important step for various applications in energy consulting, process recognition or health care applications. We present an automated data collection and preprocessing approach that intrinsically avoids many privacy (and security) issues by keeping the whole process local to the household. In the experimental part we investigate multi-class SVMs in the problem domain of automatically recognizing appliances in load profiles of smart meters. For the learning phase, we use low intrusive submeters to automatically and locally generate household specific test data for the supervised training and validation of the SVMs. We analyze classifiers w.r.t. various training sets and feature spaces. Comparing data from household simulator and real household data, we find that excellent recognition rates can be achieved even with low resolution data and rather unsophisticated feature space.
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Paper Nr: 49
Title:

Case Study: Condition Assessment of a Photovoltaic Power Plant using Change-point Analysis

Authors:

Steffen Dienst, Johannes Schmidt and Stefan Kühne

Abstract: Today, the operation of sustainable power plants mainly relies on visualization of power production. Measurement data of such power plants are often discarded. We show the idle potential of such data by applying a state of the art algorithm to recognize malfunctions in a photovoltaic power plant. Up to now, these failures could only be found by manual inspection of the power plant every six weeks. Our results show a substantial financial benefit: power outages of power plant components due to fuse failures often can be recognized within days. This fact results in a reduction of financial losses up to at least 63% by being able to schedule repairs faster.
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Paper Nr: 55
Title:

Proactive Management for Smart Buildings - Resource Management Strategy

Authors:

Milan Prodanovic, Maria Belén Téllez Molina, Alessandro Gallo and José Gonzalez Aguilar

Abstract: Self-sustainability and near-zero energy consumption have already become common requirements for construction of new buildings. Apart from the existing traditional ways for improving building energy efficiency like introducing novel architectural solutions or new building materials, the role of energy management has been increasingly seen as pivotal. Nowadays buildings rely on their management systems to provide optimised energy supply solutions and meet their energy demand targets from on-site generation and storage installations. In this paper the latest developments in proactive approach in management of building resources will be presented and critically compared to the existing electrical energy efficiency methods based on reactive type of control. Simulation and cost/benefit results are used to demonstrate the performance improvements achieved by deploying the proactive management system.
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Paper Nr: 57
Title:

Smart Energy Efficient Buildings - A Living Lab Approach

Authors:

Marco Jahn, Edoardo Patti and Andrea Acquaviva

Abstract: In this paper we provide an overview of current research trends, challenges and issues in the domain of smart energy efficient buildings. Based on current research and literature we discuss topics like technology integration, semantic interoperability, automation, and the importance of considering user needs. Furthermore, we introduce a living lab approach, which allows us to conduct research on these topics in a real smart building environment. This living lab is a system for enabling smart energy efficient building applications based on a middleware approach. We describe the software design and the real-world deployment of this system in ten rooms of a university and eight rooms of an office building.
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Paper Nr: 29
Title:

A Malfunction Detection Method for Individual Photovoltaic Modules

Authors:

Masaya Iwata, Yuji Kasai, Eiichi Takahashi and Masahiro Murakawa

Abstract: Although photovoltaic (PV) modules occasionally fail, it is difficult to identify which module is malfunctioning. In order to detect malfunctioning PV modules, we have developed a malfunction detection method for individual PV modules by continuously monitoring their data. This method can automatically identify a malfunctioning module where output power declines at an early stage. Thus, the method provides faster and more accurate detection of malfunctions. Moreover, the method considerably reduces workloads for maintenance personnel because it eliminates the need for conventional inspection procedures to identify a malfunctioning module. A feature of the method is the utilization of two kinds of information among the PV modules, namely, spatial and temporal correlations, to distinguish between generation declines due to some malfunction and those due to climate conditions. To confirm the effectiveness of the method, we conducted a malfunction-detection experiment with actual data from our PV module monitoring system which we have already implemented. The experiment used 24 PV modules installed within the monitoring system, and simulated a malfunction by covering 10% of a module. The system was able to detect the period of the simulated malfunction, which confirms the effectiveness of the method.
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Area 3 - Sustainable Computing and Communications

Full Papers
Paper Nr: 13
Title:

Quantifying Energy Usage in Data Centers through Instruction-count Overhead

Authors:

K. F. D. Rietveld and H. A. G. Wijshoff

Abstract: Energy usage of data centers is rising quickly and the electricity cost can no longer be neglected. Most efforts to relieve the increase of energy usage concentrate on improving hardware efficiency, by improving the hardware itself or by turning to server virtualization. Yet, no serious effort is made to reduce electricity usage by targeting the software running in data centers. To be able to effectively target software, a quantification of software overhead is necessary. In this paper, we present a quantification of the sources of overhead in applications that are these days ubiquitous in data centers: web applications. Experiments with three web applications show that up to 90% of the instructions executed to generate web pages are non-essential, in other words overhead, and can be eliminated. Elimination of these non-essential instructions results in an approximately linear decrease in page generation time as well as significantly reduced energy usage. In order to get the rising energy cost of data centers under control it is obligatory to be able to quantify the source of energy cost. In this paper we present an approach how to quantify wasted energy based on a quantification of non-essential instructions that are executed.
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Short Papers
Paper Nr: 35
Title:

Increasing Energy Saving with Service-based Process Adaptation

Authors:

Alessandro Miracca and Pierluigi Plebani

Abstract: The aim to reduce the energy consumption in data centres is usually analyzed in the literature from a facility and hardware standpoint. For instance, innovative cooling systems and less power hungry CPUs have been developed to save as much more energy as possible. The goal of this paper is to move the standpoint to the application level by proposing an approach, driven by a goal-based model and a Complex Event Processing (CEP) engine, that enables the adaptation of the business processes execution. As several adaptation strategies can be available to reduce the energy consumption, the selection of the most suitable adaptation strategy is often the most critical step as it should be done timely and correctly: adaptation has to occur as soon as a critical point is reached (i.e., reactive approach) or, even before it occurs (i.e., proactive approach). Finally, the adaptation actions must also consider the influence on the performance of the system that should not be violated.
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Area 4 - Smart Cities

Short Papers
Paper Nr: 38
Title:

A Framework for ITS Data Management in a Smart City Scenario

Authors:

Luca Carafoli, Federica Mandreoli, Riccardo Martoglia and Wilma Penzo

Abstract: In this paper we introduce a technological framework to efficiently support data management in a modern Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). The proposed technology enables the efficient storage of a variety of recent/historical/static data and guarantees its effective querying by supporting continuous as well as onetime queries for the delivering of real-time traffic services. The framework also offers a scalable solution for coping with the acquisition of huge volumes of data by employing data reduction techniques in Vehicle-to-Infrastructure transmissions. Experimental evaluation on the Linear Road ITS benchmark and along various simulated scenarios demonstrates that the proposed framework efficiently supports smart city data needs.
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Paper Nr: 48
Title:

Energy Informatics Can Optimize the Design of Supply and Demand Networks

Authors:

Robert Bradshaw and Brian Donnellan

Abstract: This paper proposes that a new green IS framework – Energy Informatics – may provide the best means of optimising the design of supply and demand networks. The framework proposes an integrated systems solution which incorporates technical and architectural design elements, eco-goals, and human stakeholders and places a particular focus on the role of information systems in effectively integrating and managing service supplier and service user information to optimize network efficiency. The paper explores the potential of the framework through a case study of an innovative bikeshare initiate from MIT called The Copenhagen Wheel. The study demonstrates that the framework has the potential to inform system design in the bikeshare domain. Further research will be required to determine its potential in informing other supply and demand areas.
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Paper Nr: 31
Title:

Outdoor Lighting Design Process Optimization

Authors:

Igor Wojnicki, Adam Sedziwy and Leszek Kotulski

Abstract: Outdoor lighting design process is based on trial and error approach. It takes considerable effort and time. Furthermore, since the process involves several software components, some errors might be introduced which make it even worse. It is proposed than to optimize it by automating transitions among selected stages. As a result, there is a prototype software component implemented. It integrates photometric calculations with photo-realistic rendering. Applying it greatly improves the design process and increases interactivity with the designer.
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Paper Nr: 47
Title:

Smart Green City Project at Sejong City - Remotely Monitoring and Controlling Power Uses at Multi-building

Authors:

Daekyo Jung, SungMin Rue, Yoonkee Kim, Geum Rae Cho, Keejung Kwon and Seunghee Park

Abstract: To establish Multinational Administrative City at Sejong City, until May 2012 the Korea Government has invested about Seven billion dollar and additionally will invest about 17 billion dollar until 2030. Also, the government aim to establish Smart Green City at it, to reduce 72% of CO$_{2}$ until 2030 and to make Sejong supported by 17% of renewable energy in all of energy supply. To achieve the Plan, the government set up an institute called `Multinational Administrative City Construction Agency (MACCA)’ and contracted with KT, the largest Korea Telecom, at 21 Sep 2012. So, by MOU at first KT started four public buildings including Office Community Centre, Postal Office, Fire Station and Police Office, at Cheotmaeul which is the residential village at Sejong City. Based on it, KT is going to expand to other towns, and with MMACA, KT will establish Smart Green City. This paper is going to introduce the Smart Green City Project of Cheotmaeul, currently progressed by KT.

Paper Nr: 50
Title:

Integrating Distributed Data Storage of a Smart City Public Administration

Authors:

Carmelo Pino, Salvatore Ravidà and Santo Scibilia

Abstract: The developments and increasing solutions offered by Cloud Computing technologies represent a great opportunity for e-governance of smart-cities. The benefits provided by Cloud-based technologies allow us to re-design new services to solve many problems afflicting e-governance and public administration in each country. In particular, one of the primarily need of Public Administration (PA) is the interoperability between the different areas and districts, which is rather complex due to the lack of standard schemes for data modeling. In this paper we propose a cloud-based approach for supporting such interoperability by a cus-tomizable DBMS mapping tool especially dedicated to smart city governance
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Paper Nr: 54
Title:

Practical Information about Sustainable Mobility for Smart Cities

Authors:

Paulo M. Araújo, Pedro M. Tendeiro and Porfírio P. Filipe

Abstract: One of the objectives of the European Commission is to improve sustainability and accessibility of collective transports, while simultaneously promoting the use of more environmentally friendly means of transportation. In this scope, it is important to make available appropriate and updated information about the mobility options offered by transport operators. With the objective of contributing to improve the quality of information about mobility options, tendentiously more sustainable, it is argued that practical information about transports, associated to domain entities (e.g. points of interest, transport authorities/operators and events), should assume the form of a set of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ). For this, it is proposed an information model to support the acquisition of FAQ’s answers from heterogeneous sources of information. This work was developed in the context of the START European project (www.start-project.eu) as a service for the Integra Social Network (integra.isel.pt) that is a product of the emergent Integra brand.
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