Keynote Lectures

Constructing Human Smart Cities
Álvaro Oliveira, UFRN – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, Brazil

Change Alone is Unchanging - Continuous Context-aware Adaptation of Service-based Systems for Smart Cities and Communities
Paolo Traverso, Center for Information Technology - IRST (FBK-ICT), Italy, Italy

Smart City Concepts - Chances and Risks of Energy Efficient Urban Development
Rudolf Giffinger, Institute of Spatial Planning, TU Wien, Austria, Austria

Smart Cities Concept and Challenges - Bases for the Assessment of Smart City Projects
Andrés Monzón, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Spain, Spain

Vision-based Perception for Intelligent Vehicles
Alberto Broggi, VisLab - Universita' di Parma, Italy, Italy

Abstract
Although current technology-driven implementations of Smart Cities is an important step in the right direction, it fall short in exploiting the most important dimension of cities – the Human dimension.
In a Human Smart City, people rather than technology are the true actors of the urban “smartness”. The creation of a participatory innovation ecosystem in which, citizens and communities interact with public authorities and knowledge developers, in a collaborative mode, exploiting the power of co-designed user centered innovation services, is the driving force. This also calls for new governance models that lead to the urban transformation where citizens are the main “drivers of change” and through their empowerment and motivation the major city challenges can be addressed including sustainable behaviour transformation, creating a Better and Happier Society.

Abstract
Service-based systems have to deal with highly dynamic environments in which they must often operate. Consider for instance the case of smart cities and communities, i.e., communities of people who actively participate to the creation and use of ICT-based solutions to improve their quality of life within their own city or region.   Within a smart city and community, the context in which applications must operate continuously changes, as well as the situation, the accessibility to (ICT-based) services, the people, their interactions, requirements, and preferences. Moreover, most often, the only way applications can react to such changing environment is at run-time, since we cannot predict a priori different situations, requirements, interactions, and availability of (ICT) services. Continuous context-aware and incremental adaptation becomes therefore the key enabling property for the delivery of ICT based value added services to cope with the dynamics of the continuously changing environment.

In my talk, I will present some of the compelling needs for context aware incremental adaptation in the case of service-based applications for smart cities and communities. I will discuss some alternative approaches, some lessons learned from applications we have been working with in this field, and the still many related open research challenges.

Abstract
On the background of globalization and climate change discussions about urban development are not only concentrating on socio-economic restructuring and economic positioning but also on issues of emissions and energy efficient development. As such trends are in particular affecting urban development – very often accompanied with relative strong growth – attention is focusing on the the question how cities might meet challenges of improved quality of life and sustainable development, but also of improved urban competitiveness in an interregional and even global context.
Due to these trends and challenges the idea of a Smart City concept emerged and has been widely discussed. However, looking on this discussion (and respective strategic efforts) one can easily detect the different understandings which are more or less directly related to the question ‘How can cities use and implement technical innovations in the urban fabric?’ Besides, corresponding programs of the EU or of national funds (like in Austria) are supporting projects aiming at the transformation of energy provision and reduction of emissions.

Facing these trends the contribution will give an overview about the understanding of the smart city idea and the differences across specific approaches. Based on this overview chances and risks regarding energy efficient urban developments are worked out. Finally, the presentation will conclude with specific suggestions of the understanding and respective recommendations for strategic planning.

Abstract
ASCIMER (Assessing Smart Cities in the Mediterranean Region) is a project developed by the Universidad Politecnica of Madrid (UPM) for the EIBURS call on “Smart City Development: Applying European and International Experience to the Mediterranean Region”.
Nowadays, many initiatives aimed at analysing the conception process, deployment methods or outcomes of the -referred as- Smart City projects are being developed in multiple fields. Since its conception, the Smart City notion has evolved from the execution of specific projects to the implementation of global strategies to tackle wider city challenges. ASCIMER´s project takes as a departure point that any kind of Smart City assessment should give response to the real challenges that cities of the 21^st century are facing. It provides a comprehensive overview of the available possibilities and relate them to the specific city challenges.
A selection of Smart City initiatives will be presented in order to establish relations between the identified city challenges and real Smart Projects designed to solve them. As a result of the project, a Best Practices Guide has been developed as a tool for the implementation of Smart Cities that efficiently respond to complex and diverse urban challenges without compromising their sustainable development and while improving the quality of life of their citizens.

Abstract
The keynote will focus on the latest developments in terms of perception on board of vehicles.  Many prototype vehicles have been design and implemented worldwide, each with its own sensor suite; vision is playing an ever increasing role since cameras performance is improving year after year and processing power is becoming available at a low cost.
The presentation will highlight the benefits of using vision as the main perception technology and will describe some ongoing experiments on full 360-degree 3D reconstruction in real time.